The-Last-Rajah-Ratan-Tata

Modesty The chairman ot theTata Group † India's biggest conglomerate, with businesses ranging from software, cars, andsteel to phone service, tea bags, and wristwatches † usually drives himself to the office in his$12,500 Tata Indigo Marina wagon. He prefers to spend weekends in solitude with his two dogsat a beachfront home he designed himself. And disdainful of pretense, he travels alone even onlong business trips, eschewing the retinues of oldes who typically coddle corporate chieftdlns.But the 69-year-old Tata also has a daredevil streak, An avid aviator, he often flies a orporateFalcon 2000 jet around Indla_ And In February he caused a sensation at the Aero India 2007 airshow by co-piloting Lockheed (LMT) F-16 and Boeing (BA) F-18 fighter jets. Tata's business dealings reflect the bolder side of his personality. In the past four years he hasembarked on an investment binge that is building his group from a once-stodgy regional playerinto a global heavy-vveight.Since 2 003, Tata has bought the truck unit of South Korea's DaewooMotors, a stake in one of Indonesia's biggest coal mines, and steel mills In Singapore, Thailand,and Vietnam. It has taken ver d slew of tony hotels Including New York's Pierre, the Ritz-Carlton In Boston, and San Francisco's Camden Place, The 2004 purchase of Tyco International's(TYC) undersea telecom cables for $130 million, a price that In hindsight looks Ilke a steal,turned Tata into the world's biggest carrier ot international phone calls.With its $91 millionbuyoutof British engineering firm Incat International, Tata Technologies now is a major supplierof outsourced industrial design for American auto and aerospace companies, with 3,300engineers in India, the U. S. , and Europe. The rowning deal to date has been Tata Steel's $13 billion takeover in April of Dutch Britishsteel giant Corus Group, a target that would have been unthinkable Just d few years ago. In oneswoop, the move greatly expends Teta Steel's range of fin ished products, secures access toautomakers across the u. , and Europe, and boosts Its capacity fivefold, with mills added Inpennsylvanla and OhloNow, a new gambit may catapult Tata into the big leagues ot global auto manufacturing: Thecompany is said to be weighing a bid for Jaguar Cars and Land Rover, which Ford Motor Co. (F)wants to el

Comprehension of Prisoners Without Trial Essay

Roger Daniels’ book Prisoners without Trial is another book that describes the internment of Japanese-Americans during World War II. This piece discusses about the background that led up to the internment, the internment itself, and what happened afterwards. The internment and relocation of Japanese-Americans during World War II was an injustice prompted by political and racial motivations. The author’s purpose of this volume is to discuss the story in light of the redress and reparation legislation enacted in 1988. Even though Daniels gives first hand accounts of the internment of Japanese Americans in his book, the author is lacking adequate citations and provocative quotations. It’s unfortunate that Daniels does not provide the more substantive treatment he used in the volume he co-edited with Sandra Taylor, Japanese Americans, From Relocation to Redress. The history that led up to the internment was basically an anti-Oriental prejudice that began on the West Coast. When the Chinese immigrants started immigrating to the United States, they posed a social problem. â€Å"As the numbers of Chinese laborers increased, so did the strength of anti-Chinese sentiment among other workers in the American economy. This finally resulted in legislation that aimed to limit future immigration of Chinese workers to the United States, and threatened to sour diplomatic relations between the United States and China.†[1] As a result of this social problem, anti-Chinese prejudice movements began all over the United States and the government fixed this problem by barring the immigration of Chinese immigrants. This prejudice was basically transferred over to the Japanese and this prejudice was felt by many United States citizens, including President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Daniels notes that, in California, â€Å"in the early 1900’s most of the political parties, the Republicans, the Democrats, and the third party, the Populist, along with the American Federation of Labor, were all against the Japanese immigration† because they believed that Japanese immigration was going to have the same result as the Chinese immigration.[2] The San Francisco Chronicle newspaper began a series of virul ent attacks on the Japanese in America during 1905, matching some of the â€Å"worst tabloid trash-type journalism† that anyone has ever seen. The result was to further inflame public opinion which the politicians were then more than willing to use to further their own purposes. Daniels states that â€Å"politicians from different states were trying to get elected by appealing to the populace and their views. Thus, presidents such as Woodrow Wilson publicly shared his anti-Oriental views. Woodrow Wilson released a strong statement opposing Oriental immigration. What is even less known is that Wilson’s statement was not his own, but was written for him by his chief California backer, James D. Phelan of San Francisco.†[3] According to Daniels, this episode is significant for two reasons: first, it reveals the strong anti-Oriental bias of the leaders of the Wilson Democrats of California; second, it shows the degree to which an unauthentic expression of opinion can delude both the voter and the participants themselves. A very interesting thing is a breakdown of the types of businesses persons of Japanese ancestry who were involved in the city of Seattle and in different cities along the West Coast. As Japanese immigrants came to the United States, they came to the West Coast because of the economic success awaiting there. They ran hotels, grocery stores, dry cleaners, market stands, produce houses, restaurants, barbershops, laundries or gardening services. A lot of them were also involved in farming in rural communities. The Japanese went to America for more opportunities but at that time, there were only two colors that people recognized. Those two colors were white and black. The Japanese really wanted to be a U.S. citizen so they could own land. After they get the land, they could start their own business and make a lot of money. Without their own business, they had to work for whites at low wages. Japanese believed that the way out of low paying jobs was a good education. There was too much discrimination against them so the second generation of Japanese in America had to follow the footsteps of their parents to low paying jobs. The Japanese were still very determined to make it big in America. They wanted to do whatever it took but the Japanese have to overcome a lot of discrimination from the white citizens. The Japanese were very smart but they weren’t able to do what they were capable of in the United States of America. The author talks about the war in Europe and how fast Hitler’s victories were. There was a belief in American government agencies that this happened because there was a vast â€Å"fifth column† of saboteurs and subversives that helped him, which was something that was totally untrue.[4] This same type of thinking, that the military of the â€Å"good† countries could not have lost so easily unless they were betrayed, was carried over into the attack on Pearl Harbor where, for a long while, the belief was that it was not our military’s fault at all for not being ready; it was all due to a massive number of persons of Japanese ancestry living in Hawaii that aided the attacking planes.[5] That, also, was totally rejected later, but was useful to the politicians for inflaming public opinion against the Japanese Americans. There was a proposal to let the Japanese Americans stay on the West Coast and just keep them away from any â€Å"sensitive† areas, but the politicians and hate-mongers were against such a limited program, wanting the â€Å"Jap problem† to be dealt with once and for all. Soon after Pearl Harbor the draft boards began classifying Japanese Americans as 4-C, which is a category reserved for enemy aliens.[6] Daniels also points out that, if it was so necessary for military reasons to remove Japanese Americans from the West Coast then that would have been even truer for the Japanese Americans in Hawaii where they formed almost a third of the population. The persons of Japanese Ancestry in California, though, only formed 2% of the population. Daniels later discusses the internment camp descriptions and places the events into four different phases: (1) Settling in (spring1942 – February 1943), (2) registration/ segregation crisis (February 1943-Janurary 1944), (3) draft crisis (January 1944- November 1945), and (4) leaving camp (summer 1946-March 1946). Overall, the book gives the reader a multi-dimensional view on the Japanese internment, which allows the reader to see the political and racial views behind the Executive Order 9066 and the internment of the Japanese. Citation: Daniel, Roger. Prisoners without Trial: Japanese Americans in World War II. 1st ed. New York: Hill and Wang, 1993. ———————– [1] Roger Daniel, Prisoners without Trial: Japanese Americans in World War II, (New York: Hill and Wang, 1993), 41. [2] Daniel I bid., 67. [3] I bid., 53. [4] Daniel I bid., 109. [5] I bid., 91. [6] Daniel I bid., 32.

Hypercompetition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hypercompetition - Essay Example Creating and protecting a market position is beneficial if the competition is sparse, or the firm has a unique product that gives them supplier power. However, if a profit is being made on the product, it will attract competitors and innovators will find substitute products (Sull & Escobari 2004 p.15). It may take substantial resources through advertising and customer service to maintain a position in a fluid market (Day & Reibstein 1997 p.52). It may be easier to create a new opportunity than it is to protect an old position. However, new opportunities require resources. Amassing resources can be a definite advantage. However, the value of these resources may erode if other firms can easily acquire them (Day & Reibstein 1997 p.312). A firm needs to evaluate all its resources. Garelli (2006) states, "Competitiveness thrives increasingly on intangible assets that are difficult to value, to account for, to create, and to recover" (p.4). Firms can maximise their competitive edge by utilising their intangible assets as well as they can any other raw material. These resources may be easier to protect than a superior market position. However, in today's hypercompetitive market competitors are quick to take your intangibles such as innovations, employees, and market share. The The signs of hyercompetition are everywhere. In fact, competition has evolved from dirty tricks into criminal behaviour. Global firms such as Proctor and Gamble, Oracle, and Deloitte & Touche have been caught up in scandal in their underhanded attempts to undermine the competition (Grimm 2005 p.7). Competition in the US wireless market has left an industry in paralysis and the world of global products has produced an air of uncertainty (Sull & Escobari 2004 p.17, Woolley 2003). Still, most firms have learned to compete by integrating new strategies to supplement the tried and true theories on creating value. The restructuring of the global economy has demanded that firms not only take every opportunity, but they must create opportunity as well. The goal is, as D'Aveni says, "to upset the equilibrium of the industry, disrupt the status quo, and open opportunities for a new advantage" (1995a p.53). How does a firm reshuffle the product, the market, and the consumer to turn the situation into a competitive advantage To do so it is imperative that the firm understands the nature of hypercompetition. Hypercompetition is a concentrated effort by competitors to create and sustain market instability and to establish an uncertainty of economic conditions (Mittleman 2000 p. 16). By definition it is a rapidly changing environment where there is no long-term sustainability. Firms need to plan for short-term strategies. In D'Aveni's 7S's, he points out two necessary dynamics that a firm will need in a hypercompetitive marketplace; speed and surprise. (1995a p.51). A prolonged strategy of surprise will keep the competitors off balance and the firm will benefit from gaining momentum. Speed can be a valuable asset when getting a new innovation to market. With today's short product life span, the first to enter the market stands to gain. However, with shorter development time costs are driven up, quality suffers, and profits begin to wane (Gibson 1997 p.51). Speed to market may be a short-term necessity, but may not give the

Concept of Personal Selling Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Concept of Personal Selling - Assignment Example This aspect of selling scenario is perceived to be the most difficult, but very important in healthcare marketing. This aspect becomes more important with international sales representatives developing new businesses for their clinics as well as competing for well paying patients. Therefore, new business selling is much important as it enables clinics to receive more income from more paying clienteles. Trade selling is concerned with gaining support of the intermediaries about the products of the company. Mostly, the sales force normally makes calls to the retailers or the wholesalers about the company products. This is normally to attract more business through requesting for referral physicians. This is to ensure that high quality health care services are offered by highly qualified physicians. The missionary task on this setup is to sustain the business from the existing customers. It is normally rated the least risky method to attain high return levels on investments, hence preferably by many companies. Many companies use missionary selling and regard it as their primary activity in the company (Neil, 2012). Healthcare marketing is taking a new focus through e-detailing for instance; there is the use of e-detailing in pharmaceutical products. Pharmaceutical products can be done by doctors to medical representatives and this action is believed to fetch the largest return on marketing investments by many pharmaceutical companies all over the world. However, the pharmaceutical players across the world are experiencing that the cost to product detailing by the medical representatives are do not actually payback to favorable returns in terms of the financial results involved.

Humes Moral Judgement Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Humes Moral Judgement Theory - Essay Example The nonpropositional interpretation of Hume's claim states that moral judgement does not express truth or fact, it is merely the expression of a feeling or a feeling itself. The subjective description on the other hand, takes the view of the spectator's moral evaluation simply being the contemplation of the common point of view. The dispositional interpretation understands moral judgements about good and evil have a motivational influence on our actions. Hume also states that moral evaluation involves the spectator's feelings in relation to witnessing the agent's act. Since these feelings are involved, then moral judgment must be subjective. In terms of dispositional interpretation, the agent's action can cause the spectator to either approve or disapprove. For instance, if a character trait is in accordance with the spectator, it will elicit feelings of approval. Moral judgments are subjective because they are based on the feelings of the spectator, and spectators will either approve or disapprove of the agent's actions, and their judgment is the result of whether or not they identify the character of the agent as appropriate or not. These brief explanations of Hume's moral judgement theory illustrate Hume's basic assumption that it is only feeling that generates action and feeling that labels any action as morally right or wrong, good or bad. This is based upon the perceptions of the spectator, rather than the motivations of the agent of the action. While Hume asserts that moral judgements are based upon emotional motivations such as desire, he claims that moral judgements based upon the actions of others do not express beliefs. According to Hume, desires and beliefs are distinct, contradictory states. Desires are not rationally criticisable as they make no reference to truth or reason. A belief on the other hand, is merely a copy of an assessable truth. Here reason alone is motivationally inert and moral judgements cannot therefore be derived from reason. Another aspect of moral judgment is moral sentiment. Sentiment is an emotion caused by thinking about the action to be evaluated without any level of self-interest. Examples of moral sentiment are approval (a pleasure) and disapproval (a pain). Consequently, people can differentiate which traits are virtuous or vicious. The use of emotions and feelings (especially approval and disapproval) towards traits leads to approval of actions. Hence, agreeable traits tend to cause feelings of approval; whereas disagreeable traits tend to create feelings of disapproval. Moral judgment is also affected by sympathy. Hume believes that by observing a person's outward appearance, the spectator can comprehend the passion of the person's mind. When these characteristics resemble or are contiguous with their own, the spectator is more likely to experience sympathetic feelings of pleasure and enjoyment. In conclusion, Hume asserts that people can take different roles in terms of being an agent, a receiver, or a spectator. Since people can observe their own actions and also sympathize with their moral sentiments, it is possible for significant actions to fall into more than one category. Likewise, I agree with Hume that moral approval is based on emotional responses. Human nature is not based on expressed beliefs but on moral judgments substantiated by feelings. Hume's opinions of moral beliefs were radical or even contentious to his own contemporaries in the

How does the history of India's textile industries reflect the growth Term Paper

How does the history of India's textile industries reflect the growth and decline of colonialism - Term Paper Example This has also comprised of a significant component of trade in Portugal.1 Traditionally, the textile industry in India is the only industry that generated huge employment in the country after agriculture. Textile industry is the second largest income and employment generating sector in India. Textile industry occupies a special position in India, and accounts for over 14 percent of total production. This approximates to 30 percent total exports. The industry provides one of the basic needs in the country, hence enhance maintenance of sustainable growth and improve the quality of life. The industry holds a unique position as a self reliant industry, ranging from raw material production to delivery of finished products, accompanied by the addition of value at every stage. This paper evaluates how the textile industry in India reflects the growth and decline of colonialism.1 History of Textile Industry India’s textile industry remains remarkable worldwide for production and suppl y of textile goods. The industry was virtually decayed during the colonial period. Nevertheless, the modern textile industry dates back at the beginning of 19th century after the establishment of the first textile mill in Calcutta in 1818. The textile industry, however, made a real beginning in 1850s in Bombay, with the first textile mill established in 1854 by the Parsi cotton merchant who engaged in internal and overseas trade afterwards. Indeed, vast majority of early mills were by handiwork merchants who engaged in the cloth trade in markets at home and in African2 markets. The cotton mill in Ahmedabad was established in 1871 and emerged as a rival centre to the one in Bombay. The Gujarati trading class facilitated the development of the cotton mills at Ahmedabad. The industry has since then expanded rapidly, especially during the second half of 19th century that saw the establishment of 178 cotton mills. However, in 1900, the textile industry was in a very bad state due to incr eased due to famine leading to mot mills in Bombay and Ahmedabad closed for long periods. By 1945, the mills had employed more than 5.10 lahk workers. The industry is described as Swadesh as it was developed from the indigenous entrepreneurship as well as capital in the pre-independence era when the Swedish movement stimulated the demand for the Indian textile. The country’s partition during independence affected the textile industry when the Indian union gotten 409 out of available 423 mills in undivided India. This saw 14 mills and 22 percent of the land going to Pakistan. Also, some mills were closed down making most Indian mills import their cotton from Pakistan and other countries after independence. After independence, the country made more rapid strides under the plans. This saw doubling of the spindles from 11 to 22 million between 1951 and 1982. This further increased during 1989-90. The colonialists used textile industry for their own personal gain where they exploi ted the weavers and created a cultural hotch-potch. This affected native cultures where the indigenous production moulds and design patterns underwent major modifications at the onslaught of the alien culture. This sometimes encouraged virtual extinction of some valuable native crafts. The colonial history of the textile industry in India can be split into two phases; 17th and 18th centuries. During this period, Indian muslins and calicoes enhanced commerce in the European East India Companies. The second phase of

Motivation in the Workplace Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Motivation in the Workplace - Research Paper Example   The focus would be on the two categories of motivational theories; content and process. There has been no single definition of motivation universally adopted in the context of the workplace. But Teck-Hong and Waheed (2011) define it as conditions in an individual or the environment which influence persistence, direction, and strength of relevant organizational behavior, holding organizational constraints and individual abilities constant. This thus encompasses the decisions on why, how and when efforts would be allocated to an activity. While reviewing the similarity and distinction in constructs between personality and values, Parks and Guay simply adopt the definition of motivation as â€Å"an energizing force that induces action† (2009, p.679). These researchers appreciate motivation as a psychological process that involves arousal, intensity, direction, and persistence involuntary action for specific goals. A similar postulation by Lee and Tan (2012) appreciates that psychological empowerment would affect the intrinsic motivation of an employee. Of the three components that make up individual creativity (motivation, creative thinking skills and expertise), Lee and Tan (2012) singled out motivation as being the easiest and fastest to achieve. In their study to determine the factors that affect creativity and performance of an employee at the workplace, these researchers noted that intrinsic motivation would trigger stimulation of high-level creative effort and persistence at work. Extrinsic rewards complement intrinsic motivation to realize achievements of organizational goals and build efficiency among employees. In human resource management, a complex set of factors interrelated to each other have been noted to motivate humans and include the need for affiliation, money, and desire for meaningful work.  

American history from 1945 to present Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

American history from 1945 to present - Essay Example tion.† This statement tells us that every action taken for a larger freedom and a more equal and spacious society is one more step toward the realization of what Herbert Croly once called ‘the promise of American life’† [Kennedy]. Throughout three eras, from 1945 to present, the progress of the Cold War, the Vietnam war, and the Civil Rights movement are showing that America is making progress toward realizing â€Å"the promise of American life†, by showing the lack of freedoms of conscience and equality in the early years, and by taking action for a larger freedom and a more equal society. In the era from 1945 to 1965, America certainly made a few mistakes and moved far away from â€Å"the promise of American life†. After World War II, the world formed two super powers, one was the United States, and the other the Soviet Union. The two started a 45 year long cold war due to their different historical experiences and different ideologies [Morris, 10]. America was once again trapped in a shadow of war soon after the World War II because of the looming Cold War between the and the Soviet Union. â€Å"The cold war had widened and intensified†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Americans were again at war in the Far East and were forced o live with the threat of nuclear annihilation† [Oakes, 808]. War is the one thing we want to avoid no matter if it is a cold war or a real war. History has taught us that war will only destroy a nation’s economy, and the people who suffer from it are the civilians of the countries that are involved in the war itself. This is represented not only in the Cold War, However, as the United States managed to start another war with Vietnam in 1950’s, lasting all the way through to 1975. Aside from the wars, African Americans had little to no rights during this time period, which goes against the statement of â€Å"the promise of American life†. By the end of World War II, â€Å"The transformation of the southern economy was undermining the system that segregated

Why do people smile Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Why do people smile - Essay Example Many scientists believe that one of the reasons why people use facial expressions such as smiling is simply to show to other people how they feel and what they feel. It is also believed that facial expressions are understood in the same manner all around the world as Max Eastman said â€Å"a Smile is the Universal Welcome.† The inner state of emotions is manifests through the facial expression. Someone is believed to be showing his calmness through smiling; having a friendly attitude towards others, and others could be distinguished through different kinds and types of smiles as one of the unknown authors quote â€Å"Everyone smiles in the same language.†. A smile is a facial expression that shows the upward contours at the ends of the mouth. There are times wherein the sparkle of the eyes expresses the smile and not the mouth. However, smile communicates a thousand words. Most of the time, smiles indicates happy signs such as joy, happiness, and love. However, there ar e kinds of a smile that show involuntary expression of anxiety known to be the grimace, or even serve as an expression of embarrassment in a shamefaced sort of way. Smile is rooted within our primate nature that depicts positive response to social relationships. It is considered to be a universal positive sign of social relationship. Smile is a positive tool to convey other people of different races and culture about their feelings and nature. History of Smiles Most of the time, happiness is always associated with smile, but to consider, there are still many types of smile that does not necessarily have that connotation like sneer, snarl, smirk etc. Different expressions in relation to smile were considered in tracing and studies with the history of smiling. Huge data have been gathered from art, history, and biology to unveil the nuances about the human smile after which some interesting facts were revealed. For example, there are beliefs that the supreme enlightenment is reflected In the holy smile of Buddha. On the other hand, open mouth smiling in the Victorians was obscene. In the behavioral and psychological aspects, it was explored how and when in infancy smiling considered to be an act of communication. In art history, the famous smile of Mona Lisa as well as the sculptured heads of Ming dynasty was studied in relation to smiling. Types and Reasons to Smile Thirty million years of human evolution produced different types of smiles that anybody can currently wear for all accessions and different situations. 1. Sweet Smile – This is the type of smile that can melt a heart, hard to resist like in just one look, you know you are done for it. â€Å"I have been hijacked several times over this smile.† This smile is manifested in all ages with pure intention of recapturing the true picture of a contented life. 2. I am in Love Smile – this type of smile is unmistakable from the rest of the smile. This smile exudes the energy of having a pu re love and bliss. This type of smile does not necessarily need to be romantic smile and can also be applicable to one’s favorite pets. This is usually manifested to young adults and adults or in the mature people. 3. Most Beautiful Smile – This type of smile is the one considered to be the breathtaking smile. This is the smile that could skip a person’s heartbeat. Once encountering this type of smile, one can be mesmerize and would forget the world for a while. This is usually seen to young adults as a part of their growing up in their transformation to the adulthood. 4. Happy Smile- In this type of smile, one can see the reflection of a happy and a joyful heart. This is the smile that radiates pure happiness and most often manifested in children. 5. Thoughtful Smile –

Keyboard and a mouse Essay Example for Free

Keyboard and a mouse Essay The two hardware that I used to produce this website are a Keyboard and a mouse. The need to capture data quickly and accurately has led to a wide range of input devices. For this project there are not many choices of hardware that I could have used other than the mouse and the key board. I could have used some other software such as concept keyboard, graphic table, touch screen, a scanner and a digital camera but these were needed due to the project that I was producing being so simple and did not need the help of these hardware. The advantages and disadvantages of a keyboard and a mouse are: Hard ware Advantage Disadvantage What else could I have used Key board It is very simple to use and comes free with a computer that you get. This has every key and letter place to suet us to give us the most comfort. This it is not wireless and that it cant be moved far form the computer and there are only letters and numbers on it and most of the functions of the keyboard are hidden. It is only in English so other languages could not be typed in by this qwerty keyboard. I could have used a concept keyboard which would have been even simpler to use. Mouse The advantage if using a mouse is that it is very simple to sue and has two buttons. This makes it very easy to use and anyone could easily learn to use this moue. The mouse is very accurate and is very sensitive so that the curser moves to the exact speed and accuracy as you prefer. The mouse could not always be the correct size to make it comfortable to use. The mouse that I used was not wire less and had a rollers ball at the bottom which could mean that the sensitivity of the mouse could decrease as time goes by. I could have used a graphic tablet. This would have been ideal for drawing things such as the logo and for designing the webpage to the actual details that you prefer. Use of Software In this project I used one major software which is called Serif Web Plus. There are many reasons why I choose this website instead of any of the other more famous software that that are out there. One of the main reasons why I chose this software to produce the website was because this is a very easy and simple software to use, This does not have many confusing steps. I preferred this software instead of Microsoft Front Page due to FrontPage being so confusing and so hard to use. Web Plus 9 breaks down the technical barriers, enabling anyone to create their own professional looking site. As with all Serif software, this Web creation superstar is full of features that make it simple, easy-to-use, powerful and quick. With Web Plus enhanced interface, incredible graphic presets, Web design functionality and publishing capabilities it is even possible to create a webpage within two hours. But the longer you take the more detailed and more accurate the web site will be. Software Advantage Disadvantage Serif Web Plus There are many advantages to this software. One of this is that this software is very simple to use and you might even be able to create a finished and a working website in within two hours. Every thing on this software is very easy to access and is very easy to use. One you start using this software you will find out how easy it is to create a website from scratch. There are a lot of variety of choices of colours, pictures, text, buttons and many other shapes that could be used to build your own website. This is one of the easiest web authoring software to create a link that I have come across. Every thing on this software is very simple and the page that you will be creating could only be a size of an A4 sheet. If you use software such as FrontPage you could make the page as long as you desire to fit the information you wish to enter. There a lot of things that you can not do using this software. This software seems to cause a lot of freeze in the computer sometimes and some the functions are too complicated to use or to learn. I could have used Microsoft FrontPage instead of this software but the MHC manager just wanted me to create a simple web page that included everything that they wanted me to include in this. I chose this software over FrontPage for one main reason and that is because of Serif Web Plus being so simple to use and the FrontPage which is very complicated and very advanced software to make a website on. Candidate Name: Niroshan Sivarajah Candidate Number:1177 Centre Name: Archbishop Lanfranc Centre Number: 14334.

Drosophila Immunohistochemistry Practical

Drosophila Immunohistochemistry Practical Abstract Immunohistochemistry uses monoclonal antibodies to detect specific proteins in tissue samples with a visible label. For this practical, immunohistochemistry was used to visualise the distribution of protein in the 3rd instar Drosophila melanogaster larvae brain. The distribution of protein was visualised using a primary monoclonal antibody, and this primary antibody was then detected by a secondary antibody. Detection of the secondary antibody is via an enzyme reaction which produces a coloured precipitate. The secondary antibody used is a monoclonal antibody that recognises IgG from a mouse which is attached to alkaline phosphatase. Looking at the protein distribution pattern in the larval brain the antibody used was detected. Brain samples were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at room temperature for 20 minutes, then washed four times with PBST prior to blocking with 10% donkey serum for 45 minutes. The primary antibody was added, and the brains incub ated at 4 °C overnight. The antibody used was embryonic lethal abnormal vision (ELAV). This is because there are domains in the optic lobe which look like dots and webs from binding of ELAV to the specific proteins in the brain. Introduction Immunohistochemistry is the use of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to detect specific proteins in sections of tissues. Applications of immunohistochemistry has been used by pathologists for the diagnosis of cancers. This is because certain antigens particularly tumour antigens are expressed in certain cancers (Kaliyappan et al, 2012). The main principles of immunohistochemistry include a primary antibody which binds to a specific protein of interest. Then a complex of an antibody binding to a specific protein is formed from incubation with a secondary antibody. Finally, in the presence of a substrate and chromogen, an enzyme catalysis happens to generate a coloured precipitate at the antibody-protein specific binding sites (Immunohistochemistry.us, n.d.). Monoclonal antibodies are specific antibodies produced by a B lymphocyte cell which recognises a specific protein such as an antigen. Polyclonal antibodies on the other hand are antibodies produced by a collection of different B lymphocytes. They are able to recognise specific epitopes on an antigen (Lipman et al., 2005). Primary antibodies are antibodies which bind to a specific antigen. Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies are classified as primary antibodies (Cheriyedath, 2016). Secondary antibodies are the antibodies which bind to the primary antibody to allow detection of the primary antibody under a microscope (Rockland-inc.com, n.d.). Primary and secondary antibodies are used because primary antibodies detect a complimentary protein which is of particular interest whilst the secondary antibody is raised against immunoglobulins associated with the primary antibody. The secondary antibody then associates with a linker molecule which then recruits reporter molecules or the antibody binds directly to the reporter molecule. Drosophila is used as a model organism because their genome is very closely related to the human genome. This means that human genes can be mapped to drosophila genes. Genes in human s which cause disease are also in drosophila. Many generations can be observed in drosophila because they have a short reproductive cycle. They are small so a lot of them can be kept in a laboratory. Fruit fly genes can be altered very easily. Transgenics can be easily produced in the flies and studied. A huge amount of biology is known for these fruit flies due to a lot of research and history in these flies (Jennings, 2011). Tumour-associated stromal cells can act non-autonomously to produce epithelial cancers. Using the drosophila model organism mutations have been identified in the human tumor susceptibility gene 101 (Tsg101) as a cause of these cancers. The Tsg101 homolog leads to Notch signalling and secretion of the JAK-STAT ligand, making neighbouring cells to grow. Drosophila serves as a model for cancer. The most present malignancies in the central nervous system include gliomas. Pathways for the gliomas in drosophila using the GAL4 system causes glias to increase and dama ge brain cells. (Spradling et al, 2006). The aim of this experiment was to use immunohistochemistry in order to detect protein distribution in the brain of the third instar Drosophila melanogaster larvae. By analysing the immuno stained sample the primary antibody used can be detected. Methods Steps of immunohistochemistry include: tissue preparation by fixation, protein retrieval, endogenous blockage and antibody labelling. In tissue preparation, tissues samples are preserved so protein and tissue architecture does not breakdown. Samples may be also need to be perfused for prevention of detecting non-specific proteins which can interfere with the detection of the target protein. In order for protein and tissue to not breakdown fixation is required. Steps of fixation include perfusion, immersion and freezing. In perfusion, tissues are perfused with a fixative to allow rapid fixation. During immersion tissues are immersed in the fixative to allow the fixative solution to diffuse through the tissue or cell sample. In the final step samples with protein that cannot survive fixation are frozen in liquid nitrogen whilst being embedded in a cryoprotective embedding medium. Once fixation is done the sample needs to be sectioned and mounted. The tissues which have been fixed with a paraformaldehyde solution are sectioned into slices which measure 4-5 µm using a microtome. After sectioning the sections are mounted onto a glass slide which is coated with an adhesive. Once mounting has been done the sections are dried and then deparaffinization takes place (Thermofisher.com, n.d.). The next major step is for the target protein to be retrieved. Paraffin is removed in order for the antibodies to reach the protein. Heat induced epitope retrieval is the most common used method to retrieve these proteins. This involves heating the slide at PH6 or PH9 depending on the antibody (Biosciences, 2014). Endogenous blocking needs to place because reagents which are present during immunohistochemistry are also present in cells. This can interfere with protein detection because of unwanted signals being produced that mistakenly detect an protein. Finally, the antibodies are labelled to detect the target antigens. The primary and secondary antibodies are diluted into a buffe r in order for the antibody to be stabilised. Rinse buffers are used between antibody applications to remove unbound antibodies (Thermofisher.com, n.d.). Once they are labelled the samples are viewed under a microscope (Biosciences, 2014). Results The primary antibody based on the protein distribution in the drosophila brain sample is the embroyonic lethal, abnormal vision (ELAV). A`ntenna A pair of appendages used for sensing. Eye disc The raised disk on the retina at the point of entry of the optic nerve, lacking visual receptors and so creating a blind spot. Optic stalk The constricted proximal portion of the optic vesicle in the embryo which forms the optic nerve. Optic lobe The lobe in the midbrain from which the optic nerve partly arises. Ventral nerve cord A chain of connected segmental ganglia which lies against the body wall in the body of the drosophila. Discussion In this practical, distribution of protein in the 3rd instar Drosophila melanogaster larvae brainwas detected using a primary antibody which binds to the specific antibody. Using a secondary antibody, the protein distribution was able to be visualised under a microscope by binding to the primary antibody. Based on the protein distribution visualised under the microscope the primary antibody used to bind to the proteins to produce the protein distribution was identified. The identified antibody was ELAV because there are domains in the optic lobe which look like discrete dots and webs. Embryonic lethal abnormal vision protein (ELAV protein) is a protein which binds to RNA thus an RNA binding protein expressed in brain cells of drosophila after birth. Repeats of an RNA binding domain approximately 80 amino acids in length is in these RNA-binding proteins. ELAV distribution has a similar distribution to many different splicing factors. Variants of genes which are correctly spliced in neurones are regulated by this ELAV protein. Additionally, this ELAV protein plays a role in the formation of the n-arm transcript of the drosophila armadillo. It is generated by splicing from exclusion from exon six of the ubiquitous arm. In mutant ELAV the amount of n-arm is reduced (Broody, 1996). Mutant ELAV have a short life span (Toba et al, 2010). Loss of function alleles for ELAV causes the drosophila embryo to be lethal with also mutant embryos having an abnormal neuropil. Also mutations produce abnormal eye structures, defective electroretinograms and flight defects. Mutant clo nes analysed in mosaic flies has shown that there is a post-embryonic role for ELAV for photoreceptor cells, optic lobe and associated neuropil areas to maintained. Because of this, phenotypes that appear to be a mutant has a role for ELAV in the formation and maintenance of the nervous system (Koushika et al, 1996). Significant divergence between humans and mouse has caused orthologous disease genes to arise. Orthologous genes arise due to speciation in homologous genes. An example is the TDP1 gene. This is a gene which has a role for Topo I DNA complexes to be repaired. TDP1 orthologs for expression in the inside of cells with localizations has been located in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Mutations in the TDP1 gene has been seen to have a causative link to spinocerebellar ataxia with axonal neuropathy (SCAN1) disorder. This mutation is not present in mouse ortholog. TDP1 expression in human and mouse are different and produce different phenotypes. Selectins P and E for inflammation is different when compared between humans and mouse. The orthologous human version of selectin P from mouse does not have the pathway needed for regulation (Gharib and Robinson-Rechavi, 2011). Immunohistochemistry is a useful technique because it is used in research and pathology laboratories where immunohistochemistry can help with diagnosing neoplasias and pseudo-neoplastic lesions (De Matos et al, 2010). IHC is used to test efficacy of pharmaceutical drugs by detecting the activity or the regulation of disease targets. Immunohistochemistry is a technique specifically for detecting proteins such as antigens in a tissue sample. In situ hybridisation involves finding the location of targets for specific nucleic acids in tissues and cells which have been fixed to gain information for expression of genes and genetic loci (Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, n.d.). RT-PCR is used for RNA expression analysis. Knowing the mRNA is important to understand what gene it is and protein distribution allows us to understand what affect the gene has in an organism. Questions   Ã‚   The point of fixation is to fix the tissue sample so that putrefaction and autolysis does not occur. Fixation allows the tissue sample to kept in its natural state. This is important so that the structures in the cell do not fall apart and diffuse away. The fixative used in fixation disables intrinsic biomolecules, protects the tissue from extrinsic damage and also alters the tissue on a molecular level to increase their mechanical strength and stability. The step is very critical because proteins need to be localized because otherwise they will diffuse away from their initial location. Protein immobilization occurs before translocation. The final thing for fixation is that it achieves the most rapid reaction possible at a low temperature (Berod et al, 1981). Antibodies bind to epitopes on their complementary antigen. However sometimes these antibodies can bind to non-specific antibodies that is similar to the binding site on the target antibody. Because of this binding of non-specific sites, background staining can be created that can mask the detection of the target protein. To get rid of this background staining tissue samples are incubated with a buffer that blocks the reactive sites which are not 100% complimentary to the primary and secondary antibodies (Thermofisher.com, n.d.). NTMT solution is a buffer used for the blockage of non-specific binding sites (Ebioscience.com, n.d.). The colour reaction is the final step which involves visualising the tissue sample where a specific antibody binds to the tissue sample. After this the primary antibody is detected in two ways, directly or indirectly. The direct method is the colour producing reaction. The primary antibody is tagged with a peroxidase enzyme which is used in a reaction to generate a coloured product (Heyderman, 1979). Bibliography Berod, A., Hartman, B. and Pujol, J. (1981). Importance of fixation in immunohistochemistry: use of formaldehyde solutions at variable pH for the localization of tyrosine hydroxylase. Journal of Histochemistry Cytochemistry, 29(7), pp.844-850. Biosciences, I. (2014). Getting started with Immunohistochemistry Bitesize Bio. [Online] Bitesize Bio. Available at: http://bitesizebio.com/20929/getting-started-with-immunohistochemistry/ [Accessed 10 Dec. 2016]. Broody, T. (1996). Interactive Fly, Drosophila. [Online] Sdbonline.org. Available at: http://www.sdbonline.org/sites/fly/neural/elav.htm [Accessed 15 Dec. 2016]. Cheriyedath, S. (2016). Primary and Secondary Antibodies: Whats the Difference?. [Online] News-Medical.net. Available at: http://www.news-medical.net/life-sciences/Primary-and-Secondary-Antibodies-Whats-the-Difference.aspx [Accessed 10 Dec. 2016]. De Matos, L., Trufelli, D., da Silva Pinhal, M. and de Matos, M. (2010). Immunohistochemistry as an Important Tool in Biomarkers Detection and Clinical Practice. Biomarker Insights, 5(5), pp.9-20. Ebioscience.com. (n.d.). IHC Buffers and Solutions. [Online] Available at: http://www.ebioscience.com/knowledge-center/application/ihc/buffers-solutions-for-ihc.htm [Accessed 11 Dec. 2016]. Gharib, W. and Robinson-Rechavi, M. (2011). When orthologs diverge between human and mouse. Briefings in Bioinformatics, 12(5), pp.436-441. Heyderman, E. (1979). Immunoperoxidase technique in histopathology: applications, methods, and controls. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 32(10), pp.971-978. Immunohistochemistry.us. (n.d.). Immunohistochemistry Principle (IHC Principle). [Online] Available at: http://www.immunohistochemistry.us/IHC-principle.html [Accessed 10 Dec. 2016]. Jennings, B. (2011). Drosophila a versatile model in biology medicine. Materials Today, 14(5), pp.190-195. Kaliyappan, K., Palanisamy, M., Duraiyan, J. and Govindarajan, R. (2012). Applications of immunohistochemistry. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences, 4(6), pp.307-309. Koushika, S., Lisbin, M. and White, K. (1996). ELAV, a Drosophila neuron-specific protein, mediates the generation of an alternatively spliced neural protein isoform. Current Biology, 6(12), pp.1634-1641. Lipman, N., Jackson, L., Trudel, L. and Weis-Garcia, F. (2005). Monoclonal Versus Polyclonal Antibodies: Distinguishing Characteristics, Applications, and Information Resources. ILAR Journal, 46(3), pp.258-268. Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. (n.d.). In Situ Hybridization (ISH). [Online] Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/probe/docs/techish/ [Accessed 12 Dec. 2016]. Rockland-inc.com. (n.d.). Secondary Antibody Overview. [Online] Available at: http://www.rockland-inc.com/secondary-antibodies.aspx [Accessed 10 Dec. 2016]. Spradling, A., Ganetsky, B., Hieter, P., Johnston, M., Olson, M., Orr-Weaver, T., Rossant, J., Sanchez, A. and Waterson, R. (2006). New Roles for Model Genetic Organisms in Understanding and Treating Human Disease: Report From The 2006 Genetics Society of America Meeting. Genetics, 172(4), pp.2025-2032. Thermofisher.com. (n.d.). Overview of Immunohistochemistry | Thermo Fisher Scientific. [Online] Available at: https://www.thermofisher.com/uk/en/home/life-science/protein-biology/protein-biology-learning-center/protein-biology-resource-library/pierce-protein-methods/overview-immunohistochemistry.html [Accessed 10 Dec. 2016]. Toba, G., Yamamoto, D. and White, K. (2010). Life-span phenotypes of elav and Rbp9 in Drosophila suggest functional cooperation of the two elav-family protein genes. Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology, 74(4), pp.261-265.

Racism Essay -- essays research papers

Attack The Source There really is no way of getting around it. There is a great deal of racial tension in the United States today. Nine out of ten people in society today believe that racism does exist and is something that affects millions of people everyday. There is not much arguing that can done with a statistic like that. What is it that causes so many problems between each other? Is it that we are afraid of the unknown? Whatever the cause is, we have been trying to fix the problem for many years now. Since racism is learned and not genetic, it is something that needs to be taken care of in school starting from the young children. In Brown v. Board of Education, the whole issue was that schools could be segregated only if they were â€Å"equal†. This was decided by the case of Plessy v Ferguson. Schools in the South were not equal so Brown v. Board of Education was filed. Supreme Court Judge Earl Warren decide with the rest of the Supreme Court that segregated schools were in fact unlawful. Schools went through drastic changes but some schools didn’t like the idea. Schools in Prince Edward County had closed due to the ruling and children in the county lost out on their education. This had caused some racism to occur in Prince Edward County. The most effective solution for solving the racial tension problem is to change the curriculum, text books, and to keep up, if not increase, diversity training in the work force today. First of all, there needs to be an agreement that a problem does exist. It is after all evident through racist groups such as the Ku Klux Klan, Neo-Nazis, and Skinheads. These are hate groups that threaten and dislike people, not for the content of their character, but the color of their skin or what country they are from. although these are extremes when it comes to racism, it is something that affects so many people everyday in the United States. What is racism really? Racism is not knowing anything about someone when you look at them, but disliking them anyway, not because of who they are, but what they are. Racism is cowardly. More importantly, racism is a weakness and an obvious sign of ignorance. So what is it that makes us racist? More than likely, it is the fear of the unknown. In other words, it is a lack of education. The only way to battle this ignorance is to educate oneself. That is why the key to so... ...nor, what would he do? He replied, "I would probably die!" This was the straw that broke the camel's back because a friendship of sixteen years ended at that moment. Parents are the biggest influence in a child's life. Children look to their parents for support and guidance. Without the proper support and guidance, children are headed on a road to nowhere. Racism is not something that will just disappear. But it is possible to minimize it if we keep it under control. Yes we can still teach about unity and equality in our schools, but if we don't attack racism where it begins, then those school programs won't be of any value. Not all children will fall into the category that my former friend fell into. Many children grow up in racist households. My friend was a prime example of someone who couldn't climb the wall of racism but there are many children out there who climb the wall of bigamy every day. The problem of racism isn't a permanent problem. Racism is like a cancer, if it is caught early enough it could be treated but if it is caught too late it could be deadly. Therefore we must attack racism from its source, the household, before it is too late.

Henry V :: essays research papers

O. Henry wrote his own magazine entitled, "The Rolling Stone". The magazine did poorly and Henry stooped to stealing from bank accounts to which he became arrested. Henry's writing came to a halt due to jail time and he eventually died nine years after being set free. The time period in which O. Henry's finest works created, occurred in the late 1800's to the early 1900's where he dazzled readers with his unorthodox, romantic style. A short story titled "A Retrieved Reformation" written by O. Henry, who sold it to George Tyler who later turned the work into a Broadway show. "Alias Jimmy Valentine"as it came to be called dazzled America, England, France, and Spain for over a decade. In the short stories "The Social Triangle" and "A Retrieved Reformation", O. Henry uses the literary devices of symbolism, plot twists, and characterization. "The Social Triangle" one of the great works by O. Henry, uses symbolism, plot twists, and characterization. The triangle includes a poor hard-working, lower-class man named Ikey Snigglefritz who uses his whole weeks pay to setup drinks for a middle-class man named Billy McMahon. Ikey's wife and her three sisters become outraged at his actions. Despite their animosity toward him, he gladly gave up his pay to spend it on someone whom he admires and the way he spent his wages is a symbol of achievement. "Ikey threw is week's wages in a crumbled roll upon the bar." With only slight hesitation, Ikey made a friendly gesture to a man of a higher class who will probably never know how hard it he worked to get that money. Both Ikey and Billy got their jollies by shaking the hand of someone from a social class above them. Jacobs 2 Van Duyskink got his jollies by shaking the hand of the impoverish Ikey Snigglefritz which happens to classify as a plot twist. "To solve the improbable triangle, Van Duyskink...impulsively leaves his car to grasp the hand of Ikey Snigglefritz. The plot appears to be twisted because nobody expects Van Duyskink to be happy to shake the hand of a poor man due to the fact that he is a millionaire. O. Henry developed Ikey and Billy through the story by using characterization. Henry describes Billy McMahon as "...the greatest man, the most wonderful man...flushed and triumphant and mighty. Henry goes on to represent just how important and wonderful this man is. Henry V :: essays research papers O. Henry wrote his own magazine entitled, "The Rolling Stone". The magazine did poorly and Henry stooped to stealing from bank accounts to which he became arrested. Henry's writing came to a halt due to jail time and he eventually died nine years after being set free. The time period in which O. Henry's finest works created, occurred in the late 1800's to the early 1900's where he dazzled readers with his unorthodox, romantic style. A short story titled "A Retrieved Reformation" written by O. Henry, who sold it to George Tyler who later turned the work into a Broadway show. "Alias Jimmy Valentine"as it came to be called dazzled America, England, France, and Spain for over a decade. In the short stories "The Social Triangle" and "A Retrieved Reformation", O. Henry uses the literary devices of symbolism, plot twists, and characterization. "The Social Triangle" one of the great works by O. Henry, uses symbolism, plot twists, and characterization. The triangle includes a poor hard-working, lower-class man named Ikey Snigglefritz who uses his whole weeks pay to setup drinks for a middle-class man named Billy McMahon. Ikey's wife and her three sisters become outraged at his actions. Despite their animosity toward him, he gladly gave up his pay to spend it on someone whom he admires and the way he spent his wages is a symbol of achievement. "Ikey threw is week's wages in a crumbled roll upon the bar." With only slight hesitation, Ikey made a friendly gesture to a man of a higher class who will probably never know how hard it he worked to get that money. Both Ikey and Billy got their jollies by shaking the hand of someone from a social class above them. Jacobs 2 Van Duyskink got his jollies by shaking the hand of the impoverish Ikey Snigglefritz which happens to classify as a plot twist. "To solve the improbable triangle, Van Duyskink...impulsively leaves his car to grasp the hand of Ikey Snigglefritz. The plot appears to be twisted because nobody expects Van Duyskink to be happy to shake the hand of a poor man due to the fact that he is a millionaire. O. Henry developed Ikey and Billy through the story by using characterization. Henry describes Billy McMahon as "...the greatest man, the most wonderful man...flushed and triumphant and mighty. Henry goes on to represent just how important and wonderful this man is.

Essay --

When chemicals come together, they form a reaction. A chemical reaction is when one or more substances change into one or more new substances. The properties of the new substances are different from those of the original substances. You can tell a reaction has happened when you see these signs: a precipitate has formed, gas has formed, color has changed, or energy has been given off (blue book). If substances with new properties have formed, you know a chemical reaction has occurred. The substances that you start off with are called the reactants. The substances you get after a reaction has occurred are called the products. There are different types of chemical reactions. Exothermic reactions are a type of chemical reaction where energy is released and absorbed by nearby matter. Endothermic reactions are a type of reaction where energy is absorbed from from its surroundings (blue book). Chemical reactions happen at different rates. There are many factors that affect the speed of ch emical reactions. To make a reaction go faster you can increase the temperature, increase the concentr...

Salmon Management in the Pacific Northwest

1. Do we, as a region and a nation, need salmon? Why or why not? When is the cost too high or priorities misplaced? The Pacific Northwest region that includes areas like in California, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, and southern British Columbia and the USA as a whole need salmon fish. FAQ, (unpublished) clarifies that the reason for this is that, approximately one hundred and thirty-seven species of both plants and animals depend on the salmon fish for their survival. According to Manning, (1996), there exist a mutual relationship between the forest and the salmon fish. He states that forest need salmon fish as much as salmon fish need them. Forests gain carbon and nitrogen from the salmon fish while salmon fish gain oxygen and other nutrients from the forests. Some forest species which depend on nutrients or carbon and nitrogen gases will die if the salmon fish was to reduce in number or was to get extinct. The salmon fish is therefore very important maintaining biodiversity or ecological diversity. The cost of sustainable conservation of salmon fish is very expensive especially in the wake of the global climate change. Salmon fish requires a very unique habitat which is large and cold. According to Lackey, (2009), billions of dollars have been used in trying to conserve salmon fish with very little success due to the global climate change. The major river; River Klamathi, where the salmon fish thrive in, has experienced serious ecological versus economic conflict with the farmers around the region preferring to utilize the water for agriculture, while the environmentalist on the other hand prefer conservation of the water for salmon conservation. This therefore has forced the communities living around the region to continue with their farming activities but with some limit, although this also affects the development fish in this region since the farming activities impacts negatively on their growth and survival since they utilize the same water form the river for irrigation. Henry and Mote, (unpublished), are of the view that the variations in climate has affected the development of salmon fish especially the high temperatures that cause the coastal ocean waters to warm thus reducing the ability of the salmon fish to reproduce in large numbers. The global climatic change is inevitable and however how much effort is put towards conservation of the salmon fish, it we might not be able to achieve much. The much anticipated changes in the Obama Administration has also not yielded any fruit since the policies in this administration aimed at protecting and conserving the endangered species is more or less the same as those of the previous government. The policies have leaned mostly towards production of more food through agriculture and production of electricity. This is very dangerous for the survival of anadromous fish like salmon which depends on fresh water for hatching of its eggs. Salmon fish is of great importance to those living around the region for many reasons. Food is basic human need which in this case is derived from the salmon fish, that is, these people depend on the fish for food. It provides protein to the body, besides many other nutrients and vitamins. It’s also used in industries to manufacture variety of food products and thus it boots the economy of the region besides providing employment opportunity to these people. Factories have been established specifically to utilize the salmon fish as the main raw material. This gives individuals from the communities living around this region and the USA as a whole, employment opportunity. Again salmon fish is viewed as a natural resource for tourism which earns the country foreign exchange. 2. In September 2002, estimates ranging from 30,000-80,000 Chinook and Coho salmon died in the Klamath River. If these fish had survived to spawn they would have comprised the eighth largest salmon run since 1978. Why did this happen? What have been the short-term (days to weeks) and long term (months to years) effects? How could this be prevented from happening again? Lackey, (2009), states that the major cause of this was water pollution. The irrigation project which was started on River Klamath was the major cause of this massive death of Chinook and Coho salmon fish. Thos plus the many industries in the region led to the construction of many dams in the upper basin of the river which caused interference in the quality of water of the fresh river. According to The Bush Administration's Environmental Record, (unpublished) and; BEST and WSTB, (2008) this irrigation project and the industries led to low water levels in the lower Klamathi River thus leading to eutrophication of the water in the river and rising of water temperatures caused by construction of dams. Salmon fish depends on very cold temperatures. This in turn caused a missing link in the food chain since Chinook and Coho salmon fish acquires its food in the fresh waters whenever it migrates to this region; and gill rot in the fish and hence most of them that were not able to adapt died. The deaths of these two species led to a serious decline of fish in the region which in turn has also led to a decline of wealth to the communities living around the region. According to Arkush, (2005) this has caused an increase in poverty in the region and that since salmon runs have decreased, artificial hatcheries have to be built for them. This is uneconomical since artificial hatcheries are costly and very expensive to maintain compared to if the fish was to thrive in natural ecosystem. There was a short term increment of micro-organism and that depend on nutrients from decomposed salmon fish. With time there has been a slow decline of forest that depended on the salmon fish for growth and development. Coho habitat has been seriously degraded in the tributaries. Lack of cover and impairment of substrate through deposition of sediments are common. Woody debris, which is critical as cover for young fish, has largely been lost as a result of human activity. According to Henry and Mote (unpublished) excessive depletion of flow may separate fish from adequate habitat in the last half of summer. Endangered and Threatened Fishes in the Klamath River Basin, (2010) states that human activities around the region have caused serious depletion of the Coho salmon since debris from the woods that used to protect young fish has diminished. Thus there has been a serious decline in the commercial catch of the fish which has in turn led to the closure of some industries like the salmon troll industry in 2006 or a decline in the operations in some industries a long the region. This translates negative impacts to economy of the country. In order to the country from losing this important natural resource, more efforts towards its conservation must be applied. There is need to come up with policies of sustainable development in harvesting salmon fish. Policies aimed at protecting the salmon fish in the wildlife act, need to be made more applicable and should be fully implemented. There is also the need to create awareness on the need to conserve salmon fish as an endangered species. According to Arkush, (2009), it should include increasing fish resistance to warm temperature and diseases, and reducing the amount of input myxospores into water. 3. Why do different salmon species, and even different salmon stocks within a species, have such different life-history strategies? For example, compare Coho and Pink salmon or compare an Alaskan stock of Chinook with a Californian stock of Chinook. DEFINE the specific comparison you are going to make. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the life-history strategies of each species? Which strategy do you think will work better in a changing climate? National Park Service US Department of the Interior, (Unpublished) states that salmon fish has an anadromous life history strategy which enables it to bring nutrients from the ocean back into rivers by migrating from the ocean at some stage in life to the fresh mater rivers; and thus the wildlife community as a whole. Thus an anadromous fish are those that live in the fresh water rivers at their initial stages of their lives and migrate to ocean for their later lives. They require the fresh water rivers for spawning and egg incubation (Fish, unpublished). Both Coho and Pink salmon spend more than a year in the fresh water in the rivers and they both deposit their eggs on gravel beds in the fresh waters. Coho salmon hatch their eggs during winter while Pink salmon hatch their eggs during spring time. The young Pink Salmon then leave for the sea immediately to grow there in the salt water while Coho salmon spend three years in slow moving streams or lakes till it matures into adult Coho salmon before finally moving into the ocean water. When the Pink salmon enter the fresh water streams, they do not feed there but instead provide food and nutrients to the environment which includes other fish, birds, micro organisms and other animals (National Park Service US Department of the Interior, unpublished). They die immediately after laying eggs and dropping them on the gravel. Their carcasses decompose to produce nutrients to other micro-organisms and plants, while their dead bodies are fed on by birds and other fish. On the other hand, Coho salmon competes for food with other animals in the fresh water streams since they have to live in this habitat for a longer time. The number of Pink salmon is in abundant since they are able to survive in any water and their ability to feed in the oceans and thus not affected by the environmental variations in the fresh water rivers, and besides, can also survive in any water and take a shorter period to mature (National Park Service US Department of the Interior, unpublished). Unfortunately, Pink salmon have a very short life span of about two years (Salmonds, unpublished) which most of it is spent in the oceans. Coho salmon have longer life span but the female stays for only eighteen months in the ocean before moving to the fresh water. That is, it spends most of its life in the fresh water. Pink Salmon therefore can best survive in wake of the global climatic change since they can survive in any water and their young ones immediately transfer to the sea to mature after being hatched. Their ability to survive in any water gives advantage to survive in various conditions that might be caused by the global climatic changes. Moreover; they do not depend on the food in fresh waters and instead, provide food when they die after laying eggs. Thus they can easily adapt to changes in the environment than Coho salmon which is very vulnerable to high summer temperatures (Wild Coho Salmon, 2007).

An Essay on the Views of Booker T Washington

Born a slave, Booker T. Washington rose to become a commonly recognized leader of the Negro race in America. Washington continually strove to be successful and to show other black men and women how they too could raise themselves. Washington†s method of uplifting was education of the head, the hand, and the heart. From his founding of the Tuskegee Institute in 1881 to his death in 1915 Booker T. Washington exerted a tremendous influence on the people that surrounded him. With his emphasis on industrial education Washington†s approach gave African-Americans hope of accomplishment and success. Growing up in Franklin County, Virginia, Booker was a young slave living on a plantation in a cold, dismal cabin with his mother being the plantation cook. He struggled through the hardships not unlike all the other slaves in the country. Booker T. Washington did not know his own father, which sounds very terrible, but was nothing unusual to young children of enslaved mothers. However Booker†s thoughts and feelings were different from what you†d suspect. Booker states, † I do not find especial fault with him (his father). He was simply another unfortunate victim of the institution which the Nation unhappily had engrafted upon it at the time. â€Å"(4) Booker T. Washington was engulfed in labor throughout his adolescence and young boyhood days, joining his step-father in working in salt furnaces and coal-mines after the civil war. Of course the labor force in this country was predominately slaves, and after the civil war black people were paid little money to do some of the same work. The whole machinery of slavery was constructed as to cause labor, as a rule, to be looked upon as a sign of degradation and inferiority. The slave system took the spirit of self-reliance and self-help out of white people. Again, Booker T. Washington†s thoughts about the labor of black people differ from a traditional view. Washington feels that many white boys and girls never mastered a single trade or special line of productive industry. All the cooking, cleaning, everything was done by slaves, so when freedom came blacks were well off to begin a life of their own. Except for book-learning and ownership of property, Washington felt positively of the long term investment made from all that hard labor. Washington envisioned a future for Black America where their hard work would earn them the respect of whites and pave the way for equality between the races. Washington had success on his mind for his whole life. There is not a moment in his life where he did not think of achieving a goal that would make him more successful and a better person. He used to picture in his mind how he would climb from the bottom of the ladder and one day be on the top, despite his race. He did envy the white boy as you would think in his early part of his life, but once again his view changed from what is considered normal in my opinion. Washington states, † I have learned that success is to be measured not so much by the position that one has reached in life as by the obstacles which he has overcome while trying to succeed. â€Å"(27) Washington felt that a Negro youth must work harder and must perform his tasks even better than a white youth in order to secure recognition, and in that also gaining more strength and confidence than a white youth. Booker T. Washington was infatuated with learning ever since his childhood slave days. His intense desire to learn enabled him to master a Webster â€Å"blue-back† spelling book, and even led him to move ahead the hands of a clock at work so that he could get to his night school on time. Washington had a goal to go to Hampton where he can get a descent education, and his hard work and long journey paid off when he got admitted their due to his cleaning abilities. This was an example of what I had stated earlier in that some of the labors he had done in his life as a slave and a worker paid off. At Hampton Washington met the principal, General Armstrong, and because of Mr. Armstrong, Washington saw the ideal he was to strive for, Washington said, † the noblest, rarest human being that it has ever been my privilege to meet. â€Å"(36) Washington was inspired by educational work and felt that General Armstrong was one of the men and women who went into the Negro schools at the close of the war to assist in lifting up his race. The greatest benefit in my mind that Washington received from Hampton was his attitude toward education which changed form the common idea that education would free one from manual labor, to love of labor, self-reliance, and usefulness, an unselfishness that strives to do the most to make others useful and happy. When Washington experienced this himself, he could take what he learned and lead others through more practical education. The Reconstruction period from 1867-1878 helped fuel an urge that Washington had to educate his race. He felt that blacks throughout the South looked to the Federal Government for everything, just like a child needing its mother. Also, that the Reconstruction policy, so far as it related to blacks, was in a large measure on a false foundation. Washington states, † In many cases it seemed to me that the ignorance of my race was being used as a tool with which to help white men into office. â€Å"(56) He felt that â€Å"general political agitation drew the attention of our people away from the more fundamental matters of perfecting themselves in the industries at their doors and in securing property. (56) In July of 1881, when the Tuskegee Institute for colored people opened, Booker T. Washington was asked to be the principle. Washington tried to expand as much as possible during the years of the school, he wanted to accommodate as many kids as possible and in order to do that the school needed to be bigger, so he put the kids to work, building the school and stressing the importance of work to the kids. Washington felt the value of this work for self-confidence, esteem and disciplined conduct was immense. How likely would a student write his initials on a wall if an older student next to him told him that he had built that wall. Washington felt Industrial education was a foundation. From it would come the professional positions of responsibility, wealth, and leisure. His way was to combine industrial training with mental and moral culture. He observed that the need to take care of one†s body and property and to have an economic foundation was more important than memorizing facts and readings of Latin and Greek. That†s why Washington stressed cleanliness, personal neatness, also housekeeping and mechanical skills. Through proper training of head, hand, and heart, Tuskegee could develop teachers and leaders who would go out to people and change their lives. Industrial education had three functions: First, black students could work to pay their expenses at school. Secondly they could develop skills that would be of economic value when they left school. Third, and most important, was to teach economy, thrift, the dignity of labor, and provide a strong moral backbone. Booker T. Washington had visions of equality for the black and white race, but his visions were somewhat different from that of the norm. He wanted to build up the black race slowly, knowing that equality was not to be achieved overnight. He taught blacks the power of knowledge and hard work to which they could gain a respect from their former masters of this country, and prove to them that they could live together and help out each other. He didn†t want to be better than the white man, he didn†t even dislike the white man, he just wanted to prove to the white man that a black man can have just as good of a heart. Washington took the positive factors out of everything in life, whether good or bad, and paved the way for a non-segregated country. He has no remorse for anything that has happened to his race, infect he says it best when he states, â€Å"Ever since I have been old enough to think for myself, I have entertained the idea that, notwithstanding the cruel wrongs inflicted upon us, the black man got nearly as much out of slavery as the white man did. â€Å"(13)

Law reform regarding Animal Welfare Essay

As the world changes so do worldviews and therefore, so do the accepted morals and values of the time. With these changing morals and values come altering laws, amended or renewed to reflect these changing views. This is called law reform, in particular, the subject of Animal Welfare. Laws in relation to animal welfare have been made and amended to restore justice and equality to the voiceless members of society. Before recent times, the rights of animals had been severely overlooked. Attention has been brought to breeding and slaughtering practices around the world through wide scale media. In such countries these processes fly under the radar and are rarely monitored, until now. This is when worldwide regulations have to be put in place to ensure that appropriate and adequate treatments are adhered to around the world. Most animal cruelties on a small scale are kept quiet, and are performed either in secluded areas away from prying eyes or those who witness such things are unable or unsure of how to seek justice. Although most of the first laws regarding animal protection from human mistreatment were made in the early 19th Century, according to Peter Sankoff and Steven White’s book; ‘Animal Law in Australiasia’, these laws fall short of bringing adequate justice to the cruelties within Australia and New Zealand. Activists, academics, law professionals and many others share this view, giving even more reason to amend relevant legislation to cover any discrepancies and loopholes. Animal law has only recently emerged as a studied genre of law, which means it is slowly becoming more known. The constitution is the basis for all Australian law and in this case, particularly from section 51. Firstly, section 51 of the Constitution provides that the ‘Parliament shall†¦ have power to make laws for peace, order and good government of the Commonwealth with respect to’ 39 subject matters, known as ‘heads of power’. Although the constitution itself doesn’t outline laws regarding animals other than fish, it does give the conditions in which other laws can be created. The Commonwealth can enact any law, provided that the law is characterized as being under at least one of the heads of power. Subject to some limitations, a law that is characterized as being one with respect to one of these heads of power will be valid although it may regulate some other matter that is not specifically allocated to the Commonwealth (such as animal welfare). Through external affairs powers and corporations power came these treaties: Examples of the treaties form ed with other countries are as follows: * The Convention on Biological Diversity 1992, * The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora 1973, * The Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species and Wild Animals 1979 (‘the Bonn Convention’) and * The Convention on the Conservation of Nature in the South Pacific 1976 (‘the Apia Convention’). Mechanisms of Reform- Non-Government Organizations. ‘Lawyers For Animals’ is an organization dedicated to advocating the need to improve animal welfare through education and law, as well as ‘Voiceless’. Voiceless is a non-profit organization dedicated to fostering networks for law professionals, academics and politicians to influence law and the need for law reform regarding animal welfare. They conduct research regarding agricultural industry practices, exposing legalized cruelty and promoting need for debate. They also attempt to inform the public about consuming and which products have and have not come from low quality, quantity breeders. They recognize the need for a voice that projects the facts of cruelty among everyday people and corporations that give way to law reform and law making in relation to the protection and rights of animals. By building a forum, social justice movement, funding in education, participation in events and forming relationships with law schools and firms, Voiceless hopes to pr ovoke change and awareness about animal welfare. The key issues that have been addressed as contemporary issues regarding this subject are; * Animals as property * Animals in agriculture * Animal welfare legislation * Labeling * Live animal export * Intensive livestock production and climate change * Animals used for scientific purposes * Animals used for entertainment * Pets * Pests * Wild animals * Fish and crustaceans These are a vast range of issues, which call for a vast range of bills to be introduced from a large number of interested politicians. Having animals as property and pets, means that we as humans own them. We dictate what it is they eat, drink, do etc. We are responsible for taking care of them, and the blatant fact is that many people don’t. As Gary Francione, ‘distinguished professor of law’, states – animals are ‘as a matter of law, solely means to human ends. As such, their value is measured in terms of their usefulness to humans, and not in terms of their own interests’. The Animal Legal Defence Fund (‘ALDF’), was established in 1979 and has more than 100,000 dedicated lawyer members who apply their skills in a number of ways in order to protect the lives and advance the interests of animals through the legal system. For example, the ‘Litigation Program’ files cutting-edge lawsuits to stop the abuse of companion animals, and animals abused in industries including factory farming and the entertainment business; while the ‘Criminal Justice Program’ works with law enforcement and prosecutors to seek maximum penalties for animal abusers. ALDF has also been at the forefront of law reform in respect to one that can actually make a difference. With changing times also comes the once described as ‘likely to be the next great social justice movement’, animal welfare is becoming more well known. Universities have been reflecting this growing issue, providing more and more opportunities for education on and relating to animal rights and animals and the environment. Examples of such debates for reform topics and their respectable supporters ( as found on http://www.alrc.gov.au/news-media/2008/will-‘animal-rights’-become-next-great-social-justice-movement) a re below: * Arguments in favour of basic legal rights for nonhumans (Steven Wise; President, Center for the Expansion of Fundamental Rights Inc., Coral Springs, Florida, USA ); * Suicide foods’: the anthropomorphising of animals (Prof Mark Kingwell, Uni of Toronto); * Animal rights activists’ case against the animal industries (Tom Regan, American philosopher and animal rights activist); * The philosophy behind animal welfare (Geoffrey Bloom, Geoffrey Bloom & Associates); * The law and pig farming (Dr Malcolm Caulfield, legal counsel for Animals Australia); * Animals and the law in Australia: a livestock industry perspective ( Kathleen Plowman; General Manager Policy for Australian Pork Ltd, with Alan Person and John Topfer); * The treatment of feral animals (Graeme McEwen, Barristers Animal Welfare Panel); * The ethics of animal biotechnology (Professors Mickey Gjerris and Peter Sandoe, University of Copenhagen); * Animal derived food labelling (Katrina Sharman, Corporate Counse l, Voiceless, the fund for animals); * The common law and animal rights (Nichola Donovan, Lawyers for Animals); * Animals, guardianship and the local courts Another benefit human’s get from animals is profit. Breeding and meat production are industries where greed comes into play and animals needs and rights are forgotten. These NGO’s raise awareness and with the help of media, put pressure on the courts and parliament to introduce change. Certain ministers will be targeted and issues put forward to so that agencies have a representative in court. Animal Laws that already exsist: * Animal Welfare Act 1992 (ACT) * Animal Welfare Act 1999 (NT) * Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1979 (NSW) * Animal Care & Protection Act 2001 (QLD) * Animal Welfare Act 1985 (SA) * Animal Welfare Act 1993 (TAS) * Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1986 (VIC) * Animal Welfare Act 2002 (WA The shortcomings of these laws are the lack of equal treatment among animals used for scientific research and those that are pets. Eg: Cats will receive better treatment than pigs, as they are pets and pigs are used simply to grow and once they are grown, to eat. Again, seen as property beneficial to humans, which goes against the rules of law. The majority of the difficulties with enforcement stem from the manner by which the power to enforce animal welfare legislation is granted. The power is granted to: * State government departments; * the RSPCA; * and the police. Much of the enforcement is carried out by the RSPCA. It is the state and territory governments that are responsible for enacting legislation appropriate to their areas, therefore this will be done through the New South Wales Law Reform Commission. The New South Wales Law Reform Commission takes care of localized matters in relation to the state and the Australian Law Reform Commission takes care of matters to do with international treaties of trade and animal treatment. The New South Wales Law Reform Commission may be the pinnacle of law making bodies for New South Wales, The Australian Law Reform Commission itself recognizes the altering times and calls for change throughout the country. Dated 19th May 2009, David Weisbrot, President of the ALRC spoke at the University of Sydney about their views upon the issue, with the NGO ‘Voiceless’. He stated that; â€Å"I think we need; national – or at least harmonised – legislation that protects animal welfare; and is not set at the lowest common denominator; or is so riddled with loopholes that you could drive a large factory farm truck though.† From the President of the ALRC itself, one would have to assume actions were being made in establishing new laws regarding animals, however it is not so. In the recent years, there has been much talk of changes yet no actions or amendments have been put in place as a follow through of this talk. David also stated that we evolve over time, resulting in the need for law reform and that it is this slow and painstakingly gradual task. Reasons for law reform regarding animal welfare: An example of the altering views are prime in the subject of Sweden banning importations of Australian wool in the fear that it would be supporting mulesing. This could go on to be a major issue for the wool trade industry. Another concept is that of the changing and growing world, as the population grows, so does the need for food. This pressures farmers into states of mass production; Eg: The mass breeding and steroid use in chickens so that they reach adulthood 10x faster than usual, leaving their legs to break and mutate under the abnormal weight that grows too fast for the rest of the body to keep up. These chickens have shorter and extremely painful life spans, are kept in battery cages where there is no room for them to walk or sit. This issue has been addressed in documentaries attempting to make the public aware of the cruel and selfish origin their produce is coming from and spur politicians into addressing the subject with observance of practices and laws to protect such a nimals. As is seen in the many above genre’s relating to animals as pets, food and many other things, a massive need for appropriate and widespread legislation has surfaced. Ways of mass production are under complete scrutiny for cruel practices, while more monitoring of animal owners has become paramount for the RSPCA. Universities have opened doors to educating the worlds youth about this topic, providing a new force of law trained individuals, able to influence people within their league into the advertisement and hopeful altering of current laws. These trained professionals have the ability to uncover the shortcomings of current laws that have been so far swept under the rug, and take them to members of the State and Federal Governments for consideration. The Non-Government Organizations such as the RSPCA or Voiceless project widely held views of the public, who may not be as educated or influential within the political spectrum, but allow the public a say all the same. With a new influx of technology from the late 20th into modern 21st century, brings both positive and negative possibilities when monitoring and even bringing about animal cruelty. That is, one can use cameras placed in chicken farms to monitor such breeding, but it is the development of scientific technology that has allowed such abnormal growth in the first place. Education towards use of technology in a morally aware way should be a priority for the government, as well as making the public more aware of those cruelties that happen every single day. By making the public largely aware of various aspects of animal cruelty, many more opinions can be altered to support the work of the RSPCA and Voiceless, so that both the N.S.W Law Reform Commission and Australian Law Re form Commission can alter their own priorities and make changes to relative legislation. Bibliography: * http://www.daff.gov.au/animal-plant-health/welfare * http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/reform * http://www.lawyersforanimals.org.au/documents/Animal-Law-Subject-Proposal.pdf * http://lawyersforanimals.org.au/ * http://www.federationpress.com.au/bookstore/book.asp?isbn=9781862877191 * http://www.animallaw.info/nonus/articles/ovaustrailia.htm * http://lsa.net.au/wcb-content/uploads/lsa/files/2011/Animal%20Law%20-%20a%20need%20for%20reform%20(LSA%20State%20Conference%20March%202011).pdf * http://www.alrc.gov.au/news-media/2008/will-‘animal-rights’-become-next-great-social-justice-movement * http://www.alrc.gov.au/news-media/2009/voiceless-animal-law-lecture-series

Inspirational Stories Essay

Once upon a time, there was a king who ruled a prosperous country. One day, he went for a trip to some distant areas of his country. When he was back to his palace, he complained that his feet were very painful, because it was the first time that he went for such a long trip, and the road that he went through was very rough and stony. He then ordered his people to cover every road of the entire country with leather. Definitely, this would need thousands of cows’ skin, and would cost a huge amount of money. Then one of his wise servants dared himself to tell the king, â€Å"Why do you have to spend that unnecessary amount of money? Why don’t you just cut a little piece of leather to cover your feet? † The king was surprised, but he later agreed to his suggestion, to make a â€Å"shoe† for himself. There is actually a valuable lesson of life in this story: to make this world a happy place to live, you better change yourself – your heart; and not the world. Once there was a king who told some of his workers to dig a pond.  Once the pond was dug, the king made an announcement to his people saying that one person from each household has to bring a glass of milk during the night and pour it into the pond. So, the pond should be full of milk by the morning. After receiving the order, everyone went home. One man prepared to take the milk during the night. He thought that since everyone will bring milk, he could just hide a glass of water and pour inside the pond. Because it will be dark at night, no one will notice. So he quickly went and poured the water in the pond and came back. In the morning, the king came to visit the pond and to his surprise the pond was only filled with water! What has happened is that everyone was thinking like the other man that â€Å"I don’t have to put the milk, someone else will do it. † Dear friends, when it comes to help the Religion of Allah, do not think that others will take care of it. Rather, it starts from you, if you don’t do it, no one else will do it. So, change yourself to the way of Allah to serve Him and that will make the difference.

Analzye a Scene Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Analzye a Scene Assignment - Essay Example s highly qualified and honored general, and nevertheless he is moor, the Duke of Venice names him â€Å"the valiant Moor†, â€Å"valiant Othello† and shows him great respect. And when Brabantio brings charges upon Othello, Duke doubts about Othello’s guilt and gives him an opportunity to clear his name. Here comes Desdemona, introducing herself. From her and Othello reader figures out about their love story. To my mind, it’s also important how Desdemona’s character opens Othello’s one. We see love between these two and how close they are. Also how they care about each other. When Othello hears that he must leave Desdemona because of his general’s duty, he says: In this scene other characters continue to open too. We see that Iago isn’t only double-faced, but also mercenary. He considers Roderigo (who’s unluckily in love with Desdemona) as a purse, packed with money. Iago selfishly plays on Roderigo’s misery. And we see Brabantio – an old-fashion, conservative father, a racist, who is full of prejudices. I’ve also noticed that with this scene begins a historical background of the play. Sailor and messenger appear with controversial information, during senators and duke’s consultation and suddenly there is need of action – all that brings war’s dynamic, a particular kind of pressure on characters and gives audience an understanding how Othello’s natural environment feels

Sandel, Doing the Right Thing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sandel, Doing the Right Thing - Assignment Example Sandel presents an array of moral dilemmas, some of which are real while the others tend to be hypothetical. In that context the moral dilemmas presented by Sandel culled from the real life are more interesting, especially the moral dilemma regarding the awarding of Purple Heart to the veterans suffering from psychological injuries. This is because such moral dilemmas tend to take the collective social conscience to another level of debate and makes it grapple with issues that are hitherto not considered or are ignored. In that context a discussion on ethics is necessary because the democratic societies do time and again have to deal with issues and make decisions pertaining to those issues, which have an element of virtue and morality attached to them. Sandel’s discussion of ethics tends to relate to Weston’s discussion of ‘counterfeit ethics’ as both the discussions tend to delve on the intense debate and moral counterarguments imminent on the ethical reasons backing practical decision

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 17

Marketing - Essay Example These strategies are divided broadly into strategic scope and strategic strength. 2 A strategic scope relates to the demand of the products or the services that the company deals in and it focuses on the demand size and the component of the market. Strategic strength focuses on the supply of the products or services. Porter then came up with three strategies that reduced the broadness and the ambiguity of the previous strategies; these strategies included cost leadership, differentiation and market segmentation. The three strategies are drawn in a cube with the focus strategy being in the narrow segment and the other two being relatively broad.3 According to Porter, companies that gain a competitive advantage are those that strive to combine the three strategies effectively. Market segmentation can be combined with the differentiation strategy and ripe the company very effective results. Combinations of the strategies that are grouped in the broad category of the cube are a bit difficult to combine but that does not mean that they do not take place. Segmenting the market into niches helps the company to scope itself, increase the concept of demand and increase the company’s market share. Market segments also affect the strategies that relate to innovation and give the company the edge technology. This is because reducing the size of the market gives the company the specialization of the market and therefore, a chance to concentrate on aspects of improved technology. This presents the company as the pioneers of innovation. A multi-dimensional approach is a kind of approach where the company incorporates all the variables of market segmentation in coming up with its niches. These variables are broadly divided into; geographic variables, demographic variables, psychographic variables and behavioral variables.4 2.1 Geographic Variables – this is the